Kallmann Syndrome Clinical and Molecular Genetic Features in Finland

11 In conclusion, KS is a rare condition, with a minimal incidence estimate of 1:48 000 in Finland. Approximately 40% of the cases attained a molecular genetic cause for the condition; particularly, Finnish KS women frequently harbored a mutation in FGFR1. A considerable proportion of male patients with HH may recover in early adulthood. We therefore recommend that all adolescents and young adults with congenital HH should be informed on the possibility of reversal. However, HH patients may still require life-long follow-up to avoid inadequate hormone treatment, long treatment pauses, and further morbidity. Finally, isolated cryptorchidism is not commonly caused by defects in genes involved in congenital HH.